White lead
Lead sub-carbonate
CAS: 1319-46-6
Molecular Formula: 2CO3.2Pb.H2O2Pb
White lead - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Lead sub-carbonate |
| Synonyms | ceruse LeadWhite White lead berlinwhite Lead subcarbonate C.I.PigmentWhite1 Lead sub-carbonate BasicLeadCarbonate basicleadcarbonate Basic lead carbonate lead(4+) dicarbonate Lead(II) carbonate basic carbonicacid,leadsalt,basic bis(carbonato)dihydroxytri-lea bis[carbonato(2-)]dihydroxytri-lea bis(carbonato(2-))dihydroxytri-lea basicleadcarbonate(2pbco3.pb(oh)2) |
| CAS | 1319-46-6 |
| EINECS | 215-290-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/CH2O3.Pb.4H/c2-1(3)4;;;;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;;;;/q;+2;;;;/p-2/rCH2O3.H4Pb/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);1H4/q;+2/p-2 |
White lead - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | 2CO3.2Pb.H2O2Pb |
| Molar Mass | 775.63 |
| Density | 6,14 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 400°C (dec.)(lit.) |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Specific Gravity | 6.14 |
| Color | White to off-white |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 0.05 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 0.050 mg/m3 |
| Solubility Product Constant(Ksp) | pKsp: 13.13 |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Character white powder, hexagonal system. relative density 6.14 solubility: insoluble in water and ethanol, soluble in acetic acid and nitric acid. white powder, square six crystal. It is a compound composed of copper carbonate and lead hydroxide. The pure product contains 68 copper carbonate. 9%, industrial products containing 62%-80% of lead carbonate. There are usually several forms: 5 PbCO3 · 2Pb(OH)2 @ PbO, 2 PbCO3 @ Pb(OH)2,4 PbCO3 · 2Pb(OH)2 · Pbo and pbco3. Lead white, which is commonly used, refers to a compound having a molecular formula of 2 PbCO3. Pb(OH)2, in which CO2 theoretically accounts for 11.35%. The use of products with less than 11.35% CO2 shows better pigment performance, and if the CO2 content is greater than 11.35% (e. G., 16.47%), the pigment performance is the worst. Industrial products because of containing PbCO3, so CO |
| Use | Mainly used for paint, especially for anti-rust paint and outdoor paint due to the possibility of lead poisoning in the production and application process, and the paint made of white lead is easy to thicken, contact with hydrogen sulfide whiteness decreased and other shortcomings, so that its application is limited. However, the paint film produced by lead White is firm, and has excellent weather resistance and rust resistance. The coating industry is still used as the white pigment for the production of original paint, anti-rust paint and outdoor paint. It is also the raw material of ceramic colored glaze, painting paint and cosmetic products. Used as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride plastics. For the production of pearlescent plastics, pearlescent paint, etc. |
White lead - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R61 - May cause harm to the unborn child R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R33 - Danger of cumulative effects R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R62 - Possible risk of impaired fertility |
| Safety Description | S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
| UN IDs | UN 2291 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | OF9275000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28369917 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
White lead - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
white powder, hexagonal system. The pure product contains 68.9% of lead carbonate, and industrial products contain 62% ~ 80% of lead carbonate. There are typically three forms: 2 PbC03.Pb(OH)2, 4 PbC03.Pb(OH)2. PBO and pbc03. The relative density was 6.14. Insoluble in water and ethanol, soluble in acetic acid, nitric acid, can form lead soap with higher fatty acids, has good weather resistance, heated to 220 ℃(4H), there is a 9% decomposition of carbon dioxide, 95% of which is converted to Pb (OH)2. When Pb0,400 ℃, it is decomposed into lead oxide and carbon dioxide is released; When it comes into contact with hydrogen sulfide, it gradually turns black and forms 4PbC03-PbS.Pb(OH)2. When the temperature is 85~90 ℃, the sulfur content in the compound changes from 2. 07% to 5.06%. The basic part can completely become lead sulfide, carbonate part, only 6. 8% change; In case of zinc sulfate, easy to form ZnC03.Zn(OH)2 · 3Pb(OH)2; When meeting with barium sulfate, easy to form 3 bas4.pb (OH)2. Basic lead carbonate in water more than 120H, the corrosion of steel. Toxic!
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
White lead - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
- chemical method: lead acetate, lead oxide and ion-free water are mixed into reaction solution, which is reacted with carbon dioxide and deionized water, and then precipitated, added to nitrated cotton pulp, precipitated and crystallized, centrifuged and dehydrated, basic lead carbonate was prepared by washing with alcohol and drying. The waste liquid of alcohol was treated and recovered.
- acetic acid method: the yellow Dan, glacial acetic acid and water are mixed in the mother liquor tank, so that the concentration of lead oxide in the mixed solution reaches 230 ~ 250g/L, under stirring, it is suspended at 90 ℃ for 3H to form basic lead acetate. After clarification, it is carbonized with purified concentrated carbon dioxide. When 85% of lead hydroxide in basic lead acetate is carbonized, it is the end point of the reaction, after precipitation, centrifugal separation, washing and drying with oil and alcohol, the basic lead carbonate product is prepared, and the mother liquor after separation can be recycled.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:59:35
White lead - Application
Open Data Verified Data
is the raw material of ceramic glaze, painting paint and cosmetics, used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride plastic, used in the system of Pearl plastic, Pearl Paint and outdoor paint.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
White lead - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
belonging to inorganic drugs. Double plastic bags in plastic woven bags, each 20kg net weight; Or with plastic bags lined with iron drum, net weight 25kg per barrel. Should be stored in a dry warehouse, pay attention to the complete packaging, can not be mixed with the raw materials for food storage. Carers should wear work clothes, masks and gloves to prevent poisoning. Toxicity and protection: early symptoms of gingival edge lead line and urine poisoning. Chronic poisoning has changes in the nervous system, frailty syndrome, encephalopathy, movement disorders, blood system changes, metabolic and endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal changes and changes in the cardiovascular system. The average concentration of lead and lead in working days is 0. 07mg/m3. When colic occurs in poisoning, subcutaneous injection of atropine, morphine, intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, calcium chloride, wearing a mask at work can block 95% ~ 97% of lead dust; When the vapor concentration is high, A filter-type gas mask can be used to force the supply of fresh air. Eating and smoking are strictly prohibited in the workplace, and bathing is required after work. Gargle and brush teeth before and after meals. Wash hands and other contaminated parts with 1% acetic acid solution or detergent before bathing.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
White lead - Reference Information
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water: 7.269 × 10-5/20 ℃ |
| toxicity | early symptoms were lead wire and urine poisoning on the edge of gingiva. Chronic poisoning has changes in the nervous system, frailty syndrome, encephalopathy, movement disorders, blood system changes, metabolic and endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal changes and changes in the cardiovascular system. The maximum allowable concentration of lead and lead inorganic compounds is 0.01 mg/m3, and the average concentration in working days is 0.07 mg/m3. Poisoning colic, atropine, morphine should be subcutaneous injection, intravenous magnesium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, calcium chloride. Wearing a mask at work can block 95% ~ 97% of the lead dust; When the vapor concentration is high, you can use the filter type gas mask, forced to supply fresh air. Eating and smoking are strictly prohibited in the workplace, and bathing is required after work, mouth rinsing and brushing are required before and after meals. Before bathing, hands and other contaminated parts are cleaned with 1% acetic acid solution or detergent. |
| Use | is mainly used in paint, especially suitable for anti-rust paint and outdoor paint An excellent Pearlescent Pigment, with high refractive index and weather resistance, it can be used in coating, plastic, printing and dyeing, etc. as an analytical reagent, and also used in the preparation of paint and pigment inorganic pigment. Can be used for round or intaglio wallpaper production line. For the coating of amino or acrylic paint: the amount of 2% to 8%. Painting on cars, motorcycles, bicycles, furniture, etc. Used in printing ink, used in wrapping paper, business cards, plastic cloth, textiles, etc. due to the possibility of lead poisoning in the production and application process, as well as the coating made of lead white is easy to thicken, and the whiteness of contact with hydrogen sulfide is decreased, so that its application is limited. However, the paint film produced by lead White is firm, and has excellent weather resistance and rust resistance. The coating industry is still used as the white pigment for the production of original paint, anti-rust paint and outdoor paint. It is also the raw material of ceramic colored glaze, painting paint and cosmetic products. Used as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride plastics. For the production of pearlescent plastics, pearlescent paint, etc. is the raw material of ceramic colored glaze, painting paint and cosmetics. Used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride plastics. For the production of pearlescent plastics, pearlescent paint and outdoor paint. anti-rust paint, filter colored glass. |
| production method | chemical method lead acetate, lead oxide and ion-free water are mixed into reaction solution, which is reacted with carbon dioxide and deionized water, then by precipitation, adding nitrocellulose pulping, precipitation crystallization, centrifugal dehydration, washing with alcohol, drying, preparation of basic lead carbonate. The waste liquid of alcohol was treated and recovered. Its Pb(Ac)2 + PbO + H2O → Pb(Ac)2 · Pb(OH)23[Pb(Ac)2 · Pb(OH)2]+2CO2 → 3Pb(Ac)2+2 PbCO3 · Pb(OH)2 + 2H2O acetic acid method yellow Dan, glacial acetic acid and water are mixed in the mother liquor tank, the concentration of lead oxide in the mixed solution is 230~250g/L, and it is suspended under stirring and kept at 90 ° C. For 3H to form basic lead acetate, which is clarified, carbonized with purified concentrated carbon dioxide, when 85% of lead hydroxide in basic lead acetate is carbonized, that is, the end point of the reaction, and then after precipitation, centrifugal separation, washing with oil and alcohol, drying, the basic lead carbonate product is prepared, and the mother liquor after separation can be recycled. 2PbO + 2HAc → Pb(Ac)2 · Pb(OH)23[Pb(Ac)2 · Pb(OH)2]+2CO2 → 3Pb(Ac)2+2 PbCO3 · Pb(OH)2 + 2H2O precipitation method. Reaction equation: 2PbO + 2HAc → Pb(Ac)2 · Pb(OH)23[Pb(Ac)2 · Pb(OH)2]+2CO2 → 3Pb(Ac)2+2 PbCO2 · Pb(OH)2 + 2H2O operation method: water and glacial acetic acid are put into the reactor to prepare 6.0% ~ 6.5% (mass) acetic acid solution, after heating to 50~60 ℃, huangdan was added into basic lead acetate solution with total concentration of 200~240 gPbO/L and alkalinity of 105 ~ 125gPbO/L under strong stirring, and the reaction was carried out at 90 ℃ for 3H, basic lead acetate was produced. The clarified clear liquid is taken out and purified carbon dioxide is introduced for carbonization. The pressure of carbon dioxide is 20 ~ 40kPa. The preparation method of carbon Mica titanium Pearlescent Pigment is as follows: mica powder → grinding → Classification → dehydration → synthesis → washing → Drying → calcining → surface treatment → Drying → packaging → finished product |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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